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Resumen
Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado deterioro de la salud mental en los profesionales del sector salud, siendo desconocida su situación en las enfermeras al cuidado de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
Objetivo: Identificar el bienestar psicológico y sus diferencias de acuerdo a las variables demográficas y profesionales en enfermeras que realizan hemodiálisis en tiempos de COVID-19.
Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal, realizado en 52 enfermeras que realizan terapia de reemplazo renal en unidades de cuidado intensivo y de terapia renal en tiempos de COVID-19. Fueron obtenidas variables de tipo sociodemográfico, académico, laboral y se empleó la escala PGWBI para establecer los niveles de bienestar psicológico. Se utilizó el test de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis realizando el post test de Dunn para comparar diferencias entre las variables estudiadas.
Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 36,56±6,95 años. Los niveles de bienestar psicológico fueron positivos en todas las categorías de la escala, con excepción de la ansiedad y la depresión. De igual forma, se encontró que las variables género, estado civil, estabilidad, antigüedad laboral, remuneración salarial y formación académica, muestran comportamiento diferenciado en las categorías que evalúa el instrumento.
Conclusiones: Se identificaron altos niveles de bienestar psicológico en enfermeras que prestan cuidados en pacientes en terapia de reemplazo renal en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19, donde factores como el estado civil, formación post gradual y tener estabilidad laboral con mejores ingresos salariales, influencian positivamente las categorías que contribuyeron a los resultados de bienestar psicológico de las enfermeras evaluadas.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Sandra Milena Martínez Rojas, Silvia Liliana Ruiz Roa (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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Referencias
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- George LK. Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. J. Gerontol. 2010;65B(3):331-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq006
- Ryff CD. Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83:10-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
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- Wayessa ZJ, Melesse GT, Amaje Hadona E, Wako WG. Prevalence of depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia. SAGE open medicine. SAGE Open Medicine. 2021;9:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211032810
- Ali S, Maguire S, Marks E, Doyle M, Sheehy C. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers at acute hospital settings in the South-East of Ireland: an observational cohort multicentre study 2020. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12): e042930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042930
- Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. General psychiatry. 2020;33(3): e100259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259
- Wańkowicz P, Szylińska A, Rotter I. Assessment of Mental Health Factors among Health Professionals Depending on Their Contact with COVID-19 Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165849
- Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematic review. Med Clin. 2021;156(9):449–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.11.003
- Yu J, Song Y, Dong H., Su X, Zhang P. Factors associated with the general well-being of nurses in a tertiary Chinese hospital: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2020; 28(3):540–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12954
- Y Kowitlawkul, SF Yap, S Makabe, S Chan, FAAN, J Takagai, et al. Investigating nurses’ quality of life and work-life balance statuses in Singapore. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018;66(1): 61-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12457
- N Akter, T Akkadechanunt, R Chontawan, A Klunklin. Factors predicting quality of work life among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals, Bangladesh. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018; 65(2):182-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12401
Referencias
Veenhoven R. Is happiness relative? Soc Indic Res. 1991;24:1–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292648
Caycho-Rodríguez T, Ventura-León J, Azabache-Alvarado K, Reyes-Bossio M, Cabrera-Orosco I. Validez e invariancia factorial del Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI) en universitarios peruanos. Rev Cienc Salud. 2020;18(3):1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.9797
Diener E, Oishi S, Tay L. Advances in subjective well-being research. Nat Hum Behav. 2018;2(4):253-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
George LK. Still happy after all these years: research frontiers on subjective well-being in later life. J. Gerontol. 2010;65B(3):331-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq006
Ryff CD. Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83:10-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
Adejumo OA, Iyawe IO, Akinbodewa AA, Abolarin OS, Alli EO. Burden, psychological well-being and quality of life of caregivers of end stage renal disease patients. Ghana Med. J. 2019;53(3):190–6.
Chaparro-Díaz L, Barrera-Ortiz L, Vargas-Rosero E, Carreño-Moreno SP. Mujeres cuidadoras familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Colombia. Rev. cienc. cuidad. 2016;13(1):72-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22463/17949831.736
Martínez Rodríguez L, Grau Valdés Y, Rodríguez Umpierre R. Estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en cuidadores de pacientes en hemodiálisis. Enferm Nefrol. 2017;20(2):139-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4321/S2254-288420170000200007
Hawamdeh S, Almari AM, Almutairi AS, Dator W. Determinants and prevalence of depression in patients with chronic renal disease, and their caregivers. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017;10:183-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S139652
Martínez-Rojas SM. Experiencia del cuidador entrenado en diálisis peritoneal durante la hospitalización del enfermo renal crónico. Enferm Nefrol. 2020;23(4):345-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37551/S2254-28842020035
Mukhtar S. Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry. 2020;66(5):512–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020925835
Hassanein M, Radhakrishnan Y, Sedor J, Vachharajani T, Vachharajani VT, Augustine J, et al. COVID-19 and the kidney. Clevel. Clin. J. Med. 2020;87(10):619–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.20072
Martínez-Rojas MA, Vega-Vega O, Bobadilla NA. Is the kidney a target of SARS-CoV-2?. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2020; 318(6):1454–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00160.2020
Rafati F, Mashayekhi F,Dastyar N. Caregiver Burden and Spiritual Well-being in Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients. J Relig. Health. 2020;59:3084–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00939-y
Jafari H, Ebrahimi A, Aghaei A. Khatony A. The relationship between care burden and quality of life in caregivers of hemodialysis patients. BMC Nephrol. 2018;19:321. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-1120-1
Shakya D, Tuladhar J, Poudel S. Burden and Depression among Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients. Palliat Med Care. 2017;4(1):1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15226/2374-8362/4/1/00131
Badia X, Gutiérrez F, Wiklund I. Alonso J. Validity and reliability of the Spanish Version of the Psychological General Well-Being Index. Qual Life Res.1996.5:101–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00435974
Gaviria Gómez AM, Amaya M. Estilos de vida, bienestar psicológico y sentido de coherencia en los estudiantes adultos de la universidad de San Buenaventura. AGO.USB. 2007;7(2):285-304.
Adejumo OA, Iyawe IO, Akinbodewa AA, Abolarin OS, Alli EO. Burden, psychological well-being and quality of life of caregivers of end stage renal disease patients. Ghana Med. J. 2019;53(3):190–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v53i3.2
Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 2020; 33(3): e100259.
Si MY, Su XY, Jiang Y, Wang WJ, Gu XF, Ma L, et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical care workers in China. Infect. Dis. Poverty. 2020;9:113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00724-0
Tan B, Chew N, Lee G, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo L, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in Singapore. Ann. Intern. Med. 2020;173(4): 317–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1083
Wayessa ZJ, Melesse GT, Amaje Hadona E, Wako WG. Prevalence of depressive symptoms due to COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia. SAGE open medicine. SAGE Open Medicine. 2021;9:1-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211032810
Ali S, Maguire S, Marks E, Doyle M, Sheehy C. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers at acute hospital settings in the South-East of Ireland: an observational cohort multicentre study 2020. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12): e042930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042930
Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, et al. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. General psychiatry. 2020;33(3): e100259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259
Wańkowicz P, Szylińska A, Rotter I. Assessment of Mental Health Factors among Health Professionals Depending on Their Contact with COVID-19 Patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165849
Danet Danet A. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Western frontline healthcare professionals. A systematic review. Med Clin. 2021;156(9):449–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2020.11.003
Yu J, Song Y, Dong H., Su X, Zhang P. Factors associated with the general well-being of nurses in a tertiary Chinese hospital: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag. 2020; 28(3):540–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12954
Y Kowitlawkul, SF Yap, S Makabe, S Chan, FAAN, J Takagai, et al. Investigating nurses’ quality of life and work-life balance statuses in Singapore. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018;66(1): 61-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12457
N Akter, T Akkadechanunt, R Chontawan, A Klunklin. Factors predicting quality of work life among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals, Bangladesh. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2018; 65(2):182-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12401