Contenido del artículo principal

Resumen

Introducción: La incontinencia urinaria ocurre con más frecuencia en el sexo femenino y conforme aumenta la edad, provocando una disminución de la calidad de vida.


Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia científica relacionada con las causas, tratamiento y cuidados de enfermería en la incontinencia urinaria.


Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada en las bases de datos Proquest, Pubmed, Google Académico y Scielo, utilizando como términos "incontinencia urinaria" (urinary incontinence), "factores de riesgo" (risk factor), "intervenciones de enfermería" (nursing intervention) y "procedimientos terapeúticos" (therapeutics), con una limitación de 5 años en la búsqueda. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales y de revisión.


Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 artículos: 5 estudios experimentales,18 revisiones sistemáticas y 3 metaanálisis. La incontinencia urinaria está relacionada con la edad, sexo y factores de riesgo, dependiendo del tipo e intensidad de la incontinencia, y características propias del paciente. El abordaje es interdisciplinar, con técnicas menos invasivas al principio, entre las que destacan la terapia conductual y los ejercicios del suelo pélvico; necesitándose cirugía en algunos casos, según las circunstancias individuales de los pacientes y/o la no existencia de mejoría con las técnicas menos invasivas.


Conclusiones: La incontinencia urinaria se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con la edad y el sexo; sin embargo, la existencia de factores de riesgo y algunas causas pueden contribuir a aumentar las probabilidades de su establecimiento. La labor enfermera resulta prometedora en el establecimiento de una detección y actuación precoz ante el problema, teniendo como base siempre para el tratamiento el menor grado de invasión.

Palabras clave

incontinencia urinaria factores de riesgo síntomas intervenciones de enfermería terapéutica

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
1.
Campillos-Cañete MN, González-Tamajón RM, Berlango-Jiménez J, Crespo-Montero R. Incontinencia urinaria: causas y cuidados de enfermería. Una revisión bibliográfica. Enferm Nefrol [Internet]. 2021 [consultado 20 Abr 2024];24(1):[aprox. 13 p.]. Disponible en: https://enfermerianefrologica.com/revista/article/view/4350

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